IDENTIFIED IN THIS MARINE SCIENCE HANDBOOK ARE 5 MAJOR TYPES OF NATURAL HABITATS--(1) OPEN BEACH AND ANY OTHER SEAWARD-FACING, UNPROTECTED STRAND, (2) GROINS, JETTIES, PILINGS, AND ROCK BULKHEADS, (3) SAND AND/OR MUD FLAT, (4) SALT MARSH, AND (5) UPLAND COMMUNITIES. EACH HABITAT IS DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF TYPICAL PLANTS AND ANIMALS, ADAPTATIONS, AND…

Ten normal 3-year-old children and their parents served as subjects for this longitudinal study of the interaction between parent-child relationships and the child's approach to task situations while attending nursery school. To illustrate the nature of the data gathered and observations made in this study, three of the 10 children were considered…

This conference report consists of two presented papers and a selected bibliography. The paper by Joan Gussow, "Behavioral Management and Educational Goals," is concerned with operant conditioning as a theory of learning and an instructional method. Basing their methods on the work of B.F. Skinner, educators who are proponents of this…

Fixation time, smiling, vocalization, and fret/cry were recorded to obtain a complete picture of infants' responses to facial stimuli over the first year of life. Four stimuli were presented to 120 infants. Results of fixation data indicate that (1) there is a marked decrease in fixation toward facial stimuli within the first year, (2) at all ages…

The effect of a group discussion program on the behavior patterns of aged participants was studied in the Indiana Masonic Home. The training program (18 one-hour sessions for six weeks), involved 44 residents (in two group), aged 60-94, in discussions of applying effective learning conditions to adult education programs in homes for the aged. Data…

The purpose of this book is to help to draw together and cement the relationship between the public and private sectors in the field of recreation and to remove the observable lines of difference between the two. It is also intended to introduce prospective students to private and commercial recreation, particularly those who may be considering…

Surveys of the literature in initial teacher preparation identify points of discontinuity, or "gaps," in such programs. Five gaps are discussed briefly with reference to the literature for Canada: (l) between theory and practice; (2) between students' expectations and classroom realities; (3) between university students' study/work…

Cultural democracy is a concept which should be incorporated into the educational philosophy supporting all aspects of the teaching of English; specifically, it should be the basis of bicultural education. This concept stresses the importance of recognizing the attributes and needs not only of cultural and ethnic groups, but also of individuals…

This speech presents a model of human communication which integrates the existential philosophy of Martin Buber with the communication views of Jonas Salk. In his book, "The Survival of the Wisest," Salk characterizes an "Epoch A" to describe the values and behaviors of the past and an "Epoch B" to describe the necessary values and behaviors for…

Five components of communication competence have been derived from research: affiliation/support, empathy, behavioral flexibility, social relaxation, and interaction management. This paper describes these dimensions of communication competence; it then reports on a study in which two college females judged by their peers to be effective…

This study measured the effects on children's behavior of peer influence and prosocial and antisocial television messages. The subjects, 120 children in second, third, and fourth grades, were placed in three different situations: one in which no television was viewed, one in which an excerpt from a television program portraying violence was…

Three different socioeconomic groups of mothers were studied to determine the similarities and differences of their responses to typical behaviors of their children, aged one to four, in order to gain insight into differences in the socialization process. The three groups were: (1) black, low-income, inner-city mothers of 35 children (Group I);…

This study examines what teachers do in classrooms and what their behavior says to students. Four fourth-grade self-contained classrooms in two schools in Albuquerque, New Mexico formed the sample group. Intensive classroom observation was employed over a ten-month period. At least half the observation time involved the researcher's presence in…

This paper reports on a followup study of the long-term effects of infant care patterns among the Logoli people of East Africa. In the original study, 12 infants, ages 7-13 months, were observed to obtain a measure of the frequency with which the infant was held by the mother and others, latency of response to the infant's crying, and the number…

This study examines the degree to which young children are influenced by the familiarity of an adult participant in their pretend play with toys which vary in resemblance to highly prototypical objects (e.g., cup-like cups or doll-like dolls). A group of 29 children, mean age 21 months, was divided into two experimental groups balanced by sex; 15…