The concept of cadres as small bands of committed, trained personnel capable of leading and training others is applied to adult education. Such cadres would be dedicated to the objectives of educational reconstruction, socioeconomic equality, and humanistic education. (SK)

Attempts to clarify empowerment as used in black communities in the United Kingdom, using Liverpool as a case study. Illustrates the ambiguity of the concept and the incomplete success of empowerment initiatives for community development and improvement. (SK)

Locally conceived and initiated development projects are more successful than those imposed externally, but outside intervention is sometimes necessary. The implementation of the Little Sioux watershed project illustrates strategies used to overcome potential negative effects on externally initiated programs. (JOW)

Describes projects of the Institute for International Cooperation of the German Adult Education Association to promote social solidarity and advocate for social justice around the world. (SK)

Summarizes the chapters of this theme issue on youth participatory evaluation. The overarching theme from this collection is the shift from a focus on youth as defective to a view of youth as assets in community development. (SLD)

Relates three classical theories (structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism) to fundamental concerns of community development (structure, power, and shared meaning). Links these theories to Giddens' structuration theory, which connects macro and micro structures and community influence on change through cultural norms.…

During the past 25 years, when Northern Ireland has been a divided society in which structures and processes have broken down, the country has witnessed tremendous growth in community growth in both Catholic and Protestant communities. The Ulster People's College combats social deprivation and exclusion through community development and education.…

Women in Nigeria are often treated as second-class citizens and relegated to the background. Many women are denied education and are subjected to difficult conditions because of sex discrimination, cultural bias, early marriage, and religious beliefs and practices. (Author/JOW)

Both community development and sustainable livelihood approaches ignore value contestations that underlie people's interests and experiences. A case from Bolivia demonstrates that local values, social relations, actions, and language strategies must underlie policy and method in development. (Contains 28 references.) (SK)

Discusses the elements useful for developing a conceptual framework for social change efforts: the characteristics of the social problem, the target unit, the nature and intensity of purposes for change, and the appropriate change methods. (Author/JOW)

Rural reflation is a term for a small-scale socioeconomic approach to building livable economics in both depressed rural communities and rapid growth areas. With public participation, informed leadership, and organizational entrepreneurship, leaders can help citizens develop their community's niche in the world economy. (Author)

Discusses a study of burnout among 25 community development practitioners. Indicates that those experiencing more severe forms of burnout were employed in grassroots staff positions. (JOW)

The authors describe their experiences working with a community organization to get their landlords to make needed repairs on their rental units. (JOW)

Compares the communication strategies of small communities having successful industry recruitment programs with small communities having unsuccessful recruitment programs. Finds that the existence of a marketing program positively relates to recruitment success, and that direct mail with brochures and personal contact were the most common…