Concludes that the rhetorical specification approach to developing essay examination topics (giving writers information about the purpose of a composition, its audience, speaker, and subject) may not be the best way to elicit good writing. (JL)

While the work ethic and leisure ethic were moderately negatively correlated in a study of two scales of each ethic and a leisure satisfaction index, the correlations between the ethics were influenced by gender differences and the types of items included in the instruments. Several correlation interactions are discussed. (Author/CM)

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which Crockett's Role Category Questionnaire (RCQ) is confounded by verbal ability. Participants included 285 undergraduates from a large southern university. The results show the RCQ to be independent of the verbal abilities measures. (Author/BW)

A mathematical link between test reliability and test validity is derived, taking into account the correlation between error scores on a test and error scores on a criterion measure. When this correlation is positive, the "paradoxical" nonmonotonic relation between test reliability and test validity occurs universally. (Author/BW)

The stability of children's behavior disorders was studied, using Adelaide versions of the Conners teacher and parent rating scales, with 256 five to twelve year olds. Of the 20 scales, 14 had high or moderate test-retest stability over the one-year interval. Most scales also showed discrimination validity over this time. (Author/CL)

A confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the result that Holland's Self-Directed Search measures six factors: realistic, investigative, artistic, social-enterprising, conventional, and a sixth general interest factor. Generally, the psychological relationship among types confirms the hexagon model proposed by Holland and others.…

The structure of the six vocational interests measured by the Holland Vocational Preference Inventory was identified. Results of two separate analyses showed that a general factor accounted for much of the total variance. Remaining bipolar factors supported previous classifications of interests. (Author/GK)

The California Psychological Inventory (CPI), the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT), and the Shipley-Institute of Living Scale (SILS) were administered to undergraduates. The Intellectual Efficiency scale scores were correlated .52 with the SIT scores and .39 with the SILS scores. The SIT and SILS were correlated .49. (Author/GK)

Investigated subscales of the Multiscore Depression Inventory for construct and concurrent validity. Provided support for the construct validity of six scales. Concurrent validity was demonstrated with significant relationships obtained for all subscales with respective criterion measures, with the exception of learned helplessness. Discriminant…

Three indicators of effectance motivation were devised: two teacher ratings and a direct observation of a student's choice of either a hard or an easy problem. Data from 600 sixth graders indicate that these indicators are related to each other when IQ is controlled. (Author/BW)

Beery contends that the Visual-motor Integration Test can be used to identify learning disability as a result of a deficit in visual-motor integration. The results of this study show that no or low correlation exists when the test is administered to three-year-old children. (Author/AL)

The nature of tests involved in the controversy on coaching is examined. Then coaching is considered against the background of diverse types of training that may affect test performance, and the implications of these various forms of training for the meaning and validity of test scores is discussed. (Author/BW)

Administered the WISC and WISC-R to 20 White children and compared their differences in a counterbalanced design to equivalent data obtained from Black children. For the White subjects, no differences were found between WISC and WISC-R measures. Black children scored significantly lower on the WISC-R on all three IQ measures. (Author)

Compared validities for females and males on the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII). Subjects took the SCII and a satisfaction measure three and one-half years after initial testing. Excellent predictive validity was evidenced for 42.5% of females and 59.3% of males. Concurrent validities were 58.0% and 64.0%. (Author/BEF)

This study provides support for the hypothesized effect of leniency on the discriminant validity of grouped questionnaire items. It was found that controlling for leniency resulted in a slight decrement in convergent validity but that discriminant validity was substantially improved. Implications for questionnaire validity and further research are…