Are young children just random explorers who learn serendipitously? Or are even young children guided by uncertainty-directed sampling, seeking to explore in a systematic fashion? We study how children between the ages of 4 and 9 search in an explore-exploit task with spatially correlated rewards, where exhaustive exploration is infeasible and not…

The current study is the first to examine the role of exploration in play milestones development using a multi-measure micro-analytic approach. Fifteen infants, between the ages of 8 and 17 months, were observed in their natural home environment once a month for a one--hour session; their spontaneous mouthing and fingering and their play level…

An experiment examined the influence of self-affirmation on individuals' responses to messages about environmental threats. A new manner of self-affirmation more appropriate for use in the field than traditional approaches was tested. The visual-based manipulation used group-related photographs to affirm participants' self-integrity before…

Although food selectivity and so-called "picky" eating are well documented in autism spectrum disorder, emotion-linked eating has rarely been investigated. This study examined emotion-linked over- and under-eating based on parent ratings of these behaviors in 4- to 17-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 190) as compared…

One long-standing theoretical model of shyness proposes that the origins and maintenance of shyness are associated with an approach-avoidance motivational conflict (Asendorpf, 1990), such that shy individuals are motivated to socially engage (high approach motivation) but are too anxious to do so (high avoidance motivation). However, this model…

Multiple outcome recurrent event data are typical in social sciences, where several outcomes on an individual are collected. In situations where aggregated counts of events over a long observation period are recorded, rounding is common, leading to counts being heaped at rounded values. We consider situations where multiple outcome recurrent event…

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the role of a child's behavioral inhibition in mediating the relationship between parental anxiety and childhood anxiety in the Malaysian context. Participants were 92 parents (father = 23, mother = 69) of young children aged four to six years old. They completed three measures which…

This paper reports on a study of crowd-sourcing 'study aid' web platforms. Students are sharing completed academic coursework through a growing network of 'study aid' web platforms like CourseHero.com. These websites facilitate the crowd-sourced exchange of coursework, and effectively support plagiarism. However, virtually no data exists…

Understanding the design process may reveal when and where resources should be focused and how engineers can better use tools, methods, and techniques to enhance the quality of designs and creative performance. The literature suggests the importance of iterative evaluation and reformulation in the engineering design process. The current study…

Assessment of schizophrenia (SCZ) in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complicated due to confounding symptoms between ASD and SCZ. These confounding factors are aggravated when the patient has sparse verbal skills. A selective review was conducted to identify behavioural equivalents when assessing SCZ in individuals with ASD with…

Growing older is a natural occurrence experienced by all human beings, but a plurality of perspectives influences how understanding aging deviates in multiple context. Senescence now enthuses a profound substantiation to appreciate harmonious aging. Among the diverse corpora of data, songs are found to be useful in communicating, motivating and…

Conversations about academic freedom are never just about protecting the intellectual rigour of academic knowledge as an abstract object; they are also about the relational rigour of how, by whom, and to what ends that knowledge is produced, transmitted, circulated, and ultimately impacts both humans and other-than-human beings (Stein, in Lobo et…

This narrative study explores the late-career issues among 15 senior teacher educators from Israeli Academic Colleges of Education (ACEs), in light of the growing conversation about pre-pension maintenance of senior faculty members employed in teacher education institutions. The data analysis of semi-structured interviews highlighted dedication to…

Background: Diet quality assessment in community health settings is critical to reduce the incidence and improve management of diet-related chronic disease. Unfortunately, understandable and actionable brief dietary screening tools that empower individuals are nearly absent. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe two rigorous…

Although research advocates for comprehensive cross-sector youth violence prevention efforts, mobilizing across sectors to translate scientific recommendations into practice has proven challenging. A unifying framework may provide a foundational step toward building a shared understanding of the risk and protective factors that impact youth…