A discussion of markedness in English questions the value of markedness theory in constructing explanatory models of linguistic meaning. It challenges the claim that pairs of terms in sentences are in a single type of relation (marked/unmarked) that accounts for all differences between the two terms, including differences in use in measure…

Analyzes some of the basic ideas in Georg Franklin's book "Versuch einer neuen Lehre von den vornehmsten Gegenstanden der deutschen Sprachlehre; nach den Regeln der Vernunftlehre in sechs Abhandlungen verfasst" (1778) and compares them to those of such modern linguists and philosophers a s Searle, Austin and Wunderlich. Concludes that…

The article attempts to define more clearly the term "typology," using as its base the work of Skalica. It discusses the particular language characteristics which form the basis of classification of the terms "type" and "class" as they are used in different language typologies. (DH)

The relationship between grammatical function and disfluency was investigated in 15 normal-speaking children aged 3 years 11 months to 4 years 10 months. (Author)

Similarities among different languages that are met with by means of empirical, confrontative analysis should not be mistaken for universals in the logical or philosophical sense. What Verma has described as the "propositional constituents" of a sentence (participants, process, and a temporal relation) may be considered logically…

A WORD LIST OF SPOKEN RUSSIAN WAS COMPILED BASED ON AN ACTUAL COUNT OF 10,000 WORDS. THE WORDS WERE COMPOSED OF 50-WORD SAMPLES TAKEN FROM 200 ACTS OF 93 PLAYS PUBLISHED SINCE 1957. IT WAS FOUND THAT JUST 360 WORDS, FROM A TOTAL OF 2,380 WORDS TABULATED, REPRESENTED 73 PERCENT OF ALL OCCURRENCES. THE AUTHOR PREPARED SAMPLE DIALOGUES USING ONLY…

THE PAPER ANALYZES, FROM THE GENERAL POINT OF VIEW OF TRANSFORMATIONAL THEORY, THE GRAMMAR OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES IN AMERICAN ENGLISH AND MANDARIN CHINESE. SEVERAL TYPES OF QUESTIONS ARE RECOGNIZED IN EACH. BOTH LANGUAGES HAVE INTERROGATIVE-WORD QUESTIONS, DISJUNCTIVE QUESTIONS, TAG QUESTIONS, AND NEGATIVE QUESTIONS. "YES-NO"…

THIS 2-PART REPORT DEALT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENT FOR GRAPHICALLY RECORDING SPEECH INTONATIONS. THE APPENDIXES GAVE DETAILS OF CIRCUITRY AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE PITCH MATCHING DEVICE AND THE INTONATION PLAYBACK. (THIS REPORT IS A SUPPLEMENT TO ED 003 881.) (LP)

THIS REPORT DISCUSSES LEXICOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FOLK TERMS. THE CONCERNS OF SUCH CLASSIFICATION ARE DESCRIBED AS (1) IDENTIFYING RELEVANT SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES, (2) IDENTIFYING FUNDAMENTAL SEMANTIC UNITS IN SPECIFIC CONTEXTS, (3) DELINEATING SIGNIFICANT SETS OF SEMANTIC UNITS IN PARTICULAR DOMAINS, AND (4) TRANSLATING AND MARKING THE…

THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE HINDI LANGUAGE SYNTAX OF PERFECTIVE PARTICIPIAL FORMS AS ADJECTIVES AND AS PARTICIPLES OF SEVERAL VARIETIES. THE FIRST PART OF THE REPORT DISTINGUISHES AND DESCRIBES EIGHT KINDS OF PARTICIPIAL USAGE AND SUGGESTS MORE GENERAL RULES FOR ANALYZING THESE USES. THE SECOND PART OFFERS A GENERATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE SAME DATA.…

Compiled here for the first time in Yale romanization are 2,000 common Chinese sayings, idioms, proverbs, and other figures of speech. The entries are arranged in two series: once in alphabetic order according to the Yale romanization and then again by the stroke-count of the Chinese characters. The romanized entries are accompanied by several…

The ending "-ni," a productive morpheme which can be affixed to Swahili nouns, has been called the "locative" by most grammarians. While the author does not object to this term, he does not agree with Sacleux and Seidel, who call it a case. In some Indo-European and Altaic languages, the author argues, the locative is a case in…

The author discusses his concept of "tonal spelling" for Chinese. This system spells out the patterns for the tone classes without marking their tone values; the same spelling formation spells out the same tone class and makes tonal orthography a "regular, striking, neat and clean-shaven script." Following a discussion of the…

Word associations to 51 stimulus words selected from the Kent and Rosanoff stimulus list were obtained from 110 graduate and 75 undergraduate teacher trainees. Associations were analyzed so that comparisons between teacher-trainee associations and several adult normative collections could be made. Response homogeneity was found to increase…