Cognitive load theory has been in development since the 1980s. Much of the impetus for that development has come from firstly, replication failures using randomised controlled trials and secondly, from the incorporation of other theories into cognitive load theory. Both have led to theory expansion. The immediate cause of the so-called…

During human childhood, brain development and body growth compete for limited metabolic resources, resulting in a trade-off where energy allocated to brain development can decrease as body growth accelerates. This preregistered study explores the relationship between language skills, serving as a proxy for brain development, and body mass index at…

The Center for Gifted Education (Center) at William & Mary has provided diverse enrichment programs for high-ability students since 1988. With an aspiration to serve financially disadvantaged students, the Center developed and hosted a summer residential enrichment program in STEM areas. Camp Launch, for low-income, high-ability middle school…

To investigate the longitudinal effects of two domain-general cognitive abilities, namely verbal working memory and visual search skill, on Chinese reading comprehension. To evaluate whether decoding and linguistic comprehension mediate such effects. A total of 202 first-grade Chinese-speaking children from mainland China (M[subscript]age =…

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) has not been studied in people with Intellectual Developmental Disability, a population with a high incidence of dementia. Commonly adopted CR proxies should be adapted to reflect more specifically the experiences of people with Intellectual Developmental Disability. Method: This scoping review intended to…

There is growing consensus that selection history strongly guides spatial attention and is distinct from current goals and physical salience. Here, we focused on target-location probability cueing: when the target is more likely to appear in one region, search performance gradually improves for targets appearing in that region. Probability cueing…

The nine-year compulsory education policy is a priority state policy in China. The transition to online learning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be especially difficult for elementary school students, primarily in the organizational aspect. The need to ensure quality education and effective learning outcomes regardless of its form…

The present study tested the hypothesis that verbal labels support category induction by providing compact hypotheses. Ninety-seven 4- to 6-year-old children (M = 63.2 months; 46 female, 51 male; 77% White, 8% more than one race, 4% Asian, and 3% Black; tested 2018) and 90 adults (M = 20.1 years; 70 female, 20 male) in the Midwestern United States…

Spatial thinking is ubiquitous in design. Design education across all age groups encompasses a range of spatially challenging activities, such as forming and modifying mental representations of ideas, and visualizing the scenarios of design prototypes being used. While extensive research has examined the cognitive processes of spatial thinking and…

Students' talent and potential cannot be served until they are recognized by schools or caregivers. While the field of gifted education has had success in identifying talent among many students with talents in reading and mathematics, those with spatial talents are often overlooked. This article reviews how we might identify spatial talent using…

This book takes the reader on a journey of metacognitive learning. You are invited to explore mental processes to understand and learn key concepts. The authors help readers discover their learning potential by informing them about how thought processes work, while also offering practical strategies and techniques. This book not only offers a deep…

Students' talent and potential cannot be served until they are recognized by schools or caregivers. While the field of gifted education has had success in identifying many students with talents in reading and mathematics, those with spatial talents are often overlooked. This article reviews how we might identify spatial talent using traditional…

Dimensional comparison theory (DCT; Möller & Marsh 2013:Psychological Review, 120(3), 544-560), first formulated 10 years ago, describes individuals' internal comparison processes applied between different areas of their lives. Dimensional comparisons explain the seemingly counterintuitive phenomenon that students' verbal and mathematical…

Temporal seeing is a mode of visual perception that interrupts the spatial bias we bring to visual literacy practices. Although an image only captures one moment in time, there are multiple spatioanalytical tools we can use to consider any image. Spatial literacy, which is the practice of analyzing objects through their properties in space, tends…

This research investigates the risk factors of poor sleep quality on cognitive performance among university students in Karachi, Pakistan. This study employed a quantitative survey-based approach. N= 202 participants between 18 to 25 years were selected through convenient sampling technique. Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) (Yi, et. al., 2006) was…