This study examined the process of invented spellings among first grade students, focusing on the conscious thoughts of students as they invented spellings, including strategies and attitudes. The researcher became a participant-observer in a first grade classroom, comprised of 28 students. Based on observations of the writing environment and on…

A ethnographic study examined the ways a young child's mind grasps the idea of the written word. The 5-year-old subject, called "Craig" in this article, had an unending thirst for print, read at the second grade level, and had fluent speech and vocabulary. Craig was followed over the previous 8-month period from the time he first gained…

Written by teachers for teachers, this book offers the first-hand perspectives of 7 teachers who used the writing workshop approach. It offers teachers in grades 1-8 a wealth of practical advice, based on the personal struggles, accomplishments, and classroom-proven solutions of the authors. Equally valuable to teachers already using writing…

In this article, Marilyn Chapman provides educators and others interested in early literacy with important information about phonemic awareness to help them make decisions about what to do in their schools. She begins with an explanation of phonemic awareness and how it relates to other aspects of literacy development such as phonological…

Noting that educators need to capture the interest of primary students early on to make lifelong writers out of them, this paper discusses ways to encourage the writing process in the primary grades. The paper discusses the philosophy of the writing process, what experts say about writing, setting up the environment, writing with lower primary…

An exploratory study tracked the year-long development of second graders' use of the decoding by analogy strategy to generate spellings. Subjects, 20 second graders form one intact classroom in a middle-class neighborhood school in the intermountain west, were taught decoding by analogy through direct instruction and by incorporating the strategy…

Teaching strategies and materials that support literacy development among young children are considered. Discussions concern: (1) emergent literacy; (2) creation of a literate classroom environment; (3) literature as a springboard into writing; (4) the process of building a community of writers; (5) inventive spelling; and (6) the process of…

A study determined whether kindergarten teachers encouraged invented writing experiences among children to prepare them for reading and how teachers implemented invented spelling experiences in the kindergarten program. Subjects, 314 kindergarten teachers (out of 600 randomly selected kindergarten teachers in Iowa), responded to a survey of their…

The purpose of this study is to show that children go through writing stages while learning to write. Understanding these stages can help children become more effective writers in expressing feelings, memories, and concerns to gain recognition with themselves and others. A literature review examined stages of writing and long-term results from…

Examines invented spelling as a stage of progress in children's writing growth. Suggests that children generally understand consonant sounds first. As a consequence, they start invented spelling often omitting all or most vowels. Gradually, as children make the transition to conventional spelling, vowels are added. Proposes ways to facilitate…

Expresses frustration concerning teachers relying on reading activities about stories, rather than on the stories themselves. Discusses: parents reacting to their children's choice of stories; using stories on video; stories for children reading below grade level; lack of confidence in the power of stories; whole language and writing; invented…

Describes a project in a kindergarten classroom in which a professor, graduate assistant, the classroom teacher, and parents served as writing role models during the daily journal writing time. After 7 to 10 days of the project, children labeled their drawings, wrote about a variety of topics, copied adults' writing, experimented with print, and…

A study examined the development of phonemic awareness and its relationship to beginning reading among 20 first-grade children at risk for failing to learn to read and write. Their instructional programs were observed; their levels of reading, writing, and phonemic awareness development were measured in October and April; and their home literacy…

This "weekend news" writing activity gives students the opportunity to recall personal events and write about them. The writing is done in a nonthreatening environment, which helps students develop writing fluency and apply what they already know about spelling and other language conventions. Students create a set of criteria with which to…

Assesses kindergarten teachers' familiarity with and attitudes toward several emergent literacy concepts. Finds that less experienced teachers indicated greater familiarity with target concepts, as did teachers holding master's degrees. Finds that subjects least familiar with the concepts were more likely to serve as training teachers for…