Compares women defining themselves as retired with those defining themselves as housewives despite having worked outside the home. Examined variables are (1) work continuity, (2) occupation type, (3) work satisfaction, (4) number of years worked, (5) quitting age, and (6) full- versus part-time employment. (Author/CH)

Official statistics on women's participation in the economy are used to conceal the real economic contributions of women. Several ways of tabulating a national economic activity, all of which ignore the contribution of domestic economies to national economies, are analyzed, and the implications of the invisibility of women's work are discussed.…

This describes a course offered at a university to housewives. It utilizes group methods, offers students an opportunity for self-assessment and information on opportunities for careers, volunteer work and further education. The course is accredited. Recently participants are increasingly interested in feminist issues and assertiveness. (NG)

Research on housewives indicates that role complement and norm salience predict information preferences better than does a dissonance condition. (RB)

A humorous approach to "mathematical applications" focuses on the activities of the housewife in doing domestic chores. Six "lessons" touch on the following topics: algebra, direct and indirect proportions, arithmetic progressions, trigonometry, and non-Euclidean geometry. (MP)

Factors identified from normative interaction, resource theory, and family development theory were related to female, shared, and male household task responsibilities of wives and husbands. Employed wives tended to reduce their responsibility for female household tasks with little or no change in the responsibility of the husband. (Author/CT)

A descriptive study of perceptions of husband support and family role change for returning women students was conducted. Husband support was considered important. However, the degree and impact of particular areas of husband support varied. Women reported little change in traditional division of labor and noted increased stress. (Author)

Women's lower achievement level in professions is explained by the Multiple Role Negotiation perspective as resulting from difficulty in balancing the "active," demanding roles of wife/mother and a high-level professional role. The findings reveal that neither males nor females perceive the female familial role as the "more active." (Author)

Collaboration between a private home health agency and public volunteer agency (the Senior Companions Program) was evaluated through interviews, site visits and questions. Volunteers were highly valued and important to the organization despite additional administration and training burdens. It was a cost-effective way to expand community-based…

Examined relationship between maternal employment characteristics and father participation in child care by comparing trends in sample of 214 homemakers and employed women and sample of 139 professional women. Results indicated that, although husbands were more involved in child care when wives were employed, women were primary caregivers…

Time-budget and interview study with 60 married couples analyzed household labor activities in terms of whether they were experienced as work or leisure, and in terms of their perceptual dimensions and objective situational contexts. Found women defined their household labor activities more often as work than did males, and that situational…

This study examined the needs of midlife and older divorced women (N=34) whose careers had primarily been as homemakers. The women completed a questionnaire which looked at education, employment, economics, legal services, and psychological and emotional responses to divorce. Both the women and men in the study were highly educated; however, the…

This study describes the attitudes of Japanese housewives toward women's employment, and compares them with those of American housewives. A questionnaire was designed to assess beliefs and attitudes related to women's roles in work and family life. It was translated into Japanese for purposes of comparison. Questionnaires were administered to over…

The reason that people think women and men differ in their general qualities may be that the two sexes tend to be observed in different social roles. To explore the sources of stereotypes about men and women several experiments were conducted. Most of the studies involved randomly selected college students who were presented with a description of…